In 2017，China makes improvement in water pollution control，from formulating laws and standards，perfecting environmental protection supervision and management system，carrying out supervision over the prevention of water pollution，establishing the system of river leader，strengthening the protection of drinking water sources and the control of water pollution in key river basins in order to improve water quality，which benefits civil health rights. But the work of water pollution control still faces a lot of problems and challenges. In order to protect public health rights，the current system should be perfected from perfecting the government responsibility system of water pollution control，improving joint control system of river areas，regulating grimly pollution discharge，implementing long-term mechanism of environment supervision to realize public health rights.