The paper analyzes agricultural the total factor productivity and its decomposition index in Jiangsu from 2000 to 2016 based on the DEA-Malmquist Index method. The results show that：①Total factor productivity of agriculture is the main driving factor of agricultural economic growth in Jiangsu. The total factor productivity of agriculture shows a trend of sustained growth，but its growth rate is declining in constant fluctuation.②Agricultural technology is progressing and technical efficiency is slightly insufficient in Jiangsu province.③The growth of agricultural total factor productivity in South of Jiangsu is obviously higher than that in North Jiangsu and central Jiangsu.④There is a synchronous increase in technological progress and technical efficiency in individual regions. The change of agricultural total factor productivity shows that the degree of intensive agriculture and the level of factor productivity in Jiangsu are still low. Therefore，in the future，we should focus on agricultural science and technology and efficiency to solve the problem of the source and power of sustainable and healthy growth of agriculture.